The purpose of this glossary is that the new concepts that we are learning throughout the subject are as clear as possible.
Closed System
Noun
It is one that exchanges energy (heat and work) but not matter with the surroundings (its mass remains constant).
Example: Closed systems, in thermodynamics, include those cases in which the system can exchange energy with the surroundings. This possibility is of great importance, for example, when trying to understand the expansion of a gas enclosed in a mobile cylinder by applying the First Law of Thermodynamics.
en: Sistema cerrado
Conduction
Noun
Conduction is the process by which heat or electricity passes through or along something.
Example: Temperature becomes uniform by heat conduction until finally a permanent state is reached.
en: Conducción
Consist of
Verb
To be formed or composed of (specific things or people)
1. Breakfast consisted of cereal, fruit, and orange juice.
2. Coal is mainly made up of carbon.
3. His wardrobe consists almost entirely of jeans and T-shirts.
4. The crowd consisted of mostly / largely teenage girls.
Example: 1. A company's assets can consist of cash, investments, buildings, machinery, specialist knowledge or copyright material such as music or computer software.
2. Many jazz trios consist of a piano, guitar and double bass.
en: consiste en
Convection
Uncountable Noun
Convection is the process by which heat travels through air, water, and other gases and liquids.
Example: Clouds which lift warm, moist air by convection high into the atmosphere.
Deal with
Is a verb and can also act as a noun.
When you deal with something or someone that needs attention, you give your attention to them, and often solve a problem or make a decision concerning them.
Example: The government dealt harshly with the rebels.
I'll deal with you later.
en: Tratar con
Fixed mass
adjective
A system of fixed mass is called a closed system and a system that involves mass transfer across its boundaries is called an open system or control volume.
Example: The first law of thermodynamics or the energy balance for any system undergoing any process can be expressed as
(Ein=Eout=^Esystem).
When a stationary closed system involves heat transfer only and no work interactions across its boundary, the energy balance relation reduces to
(Q=mCv^T)
en: Masa fija
Heat Transfer
Is a verb and can also act as a noun.
It is called heat transfer, thermal transfer or heat transfer to the physical phenomenon that consists of the transfer of heat energy from one medium to another .
Example: The heat transfer process is unstoppable (it cannot be stopped) although it can be slowed down (it can be slowed down) , using bars and insulators. But as long as there is a difference in heat in the universe , heat will tend to transfer through available media. Depending on them, said transfer may take place in three modes: conduction, convection and radiation.
en: .Transferencia de calor
Inner surface
Noun
Inner surface
Example: At a given moment, the lowest temperature will be on the steak surfaces and the highest temperature will be in the center, since the interior part will be the last place to cool.
en: Superficie interior
Internal Energy
Noun
The sum of all microscopic forms of energy is called the internal energy of a system, and is denoted by U (or u on a unit mass basis).
Example: Internal energy may be viewed as the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of the molecules. The portion of the internal energy of a system associated with the kinetic energy of the molecules is called sensible energy or sensible heat. The average velocity and the degree of activity of the molecules are proportional to the temperature. Thus, at higher temperatures the molecules will possess higher kinetic energy, and as a result, the system will have a higher internal energy. The internal energy is also associated with the intermolecular forces between the molecules of a system. These are the forces that bind the molecules.
en: Energía interna
Mass transfer
Transfer is a verb and can also act as a noun.
Mass transfer requires the presence of two regions at different chemical compositions, and mass transfer refers to the movement of a chemical species from a high concentration region toward a lower concentration one relative to the other chemical species present in the medium. The primary driving force for fluid flow is the pressure difference, whereas for mass transfer it is the concentration difference. Therefore, we do not speak of mass transfer in a homogeneous medium.
Example: Mass transfer can occur in liquids and solids, when same as in gases. For example, there comes a time when a cup of water left in a room evaporates, as a result of water molecules diffusing into the air (liquid mass transfer to soda).
en: transferencia de masa
Open System
Noun
It is the one that exchanges energy and matter with the surroundings.
Example: An open thermodynamic system has at least one wall that separates it from another thermodynamic system, which for this is counted as part of the environment of the open system, the wall being permeable to at least one chemical substance, as well as radiation; such a wall, when the open system is in thermodynamic equilibrium, does not maintain a temperature difference across itself.
en: Sistema Abierto
Outer Surface
Noun
Outer Surface
Example: Large hailstones can crack aircraft windscreens and puncture the outer surface, but rarely cause a crash.
The resistance wire can be considered to be a very long cylinder since its length is more than 100 times its diameter. Also, heat is generated uniformly in the wire and the conditions on the outer surface of the wire are uniform.
en: Superficie exterior
Radiation
Noun
Radiation is the transfer of heat energy by electromagnetic (infrared) waves and is very different from conduction and convection
Example: The transmission of electromagnetic waves through the microwave oven.
en: Radiación
Total Energy
Noun
The sum of all forms of energy of a system is called total energy, and it includes the internal, kinetic, and potential energies.
Example: The energy balance for any system undergoing any process is expressed as (Ein Eout=^Esystem), which states that the change in the energy content of a system during a process is equal to the difference between the energy input and the energy output. During a steady-flow process, the total energy content of a control volume remains constant (and thus ^Esystem), and the amount of energy entering a control volume in all forms must be equal to the amount of energy leaving it. Then the rate form of the general energy equation reduces
for a steadyflow process to (Ein-Eout=0)
en: Energía total
Undergo
Verb
1 to submit to : ENDURE
2 to go through : EXPERIENCE
3 obsolete : UNDERTAKE
Example: She will have to undergo an operation.
Some people undergo a complete transformation while away at college
